Desalination systems refers reverse osmosis process being used to desalt water

Desalination systems usually refer to the reverse osmosis process being used to desalt water from an ocean or sea. A reverse osmosis desalination system is designed to overcome the existing osmotic pressure of a sea or ocean water using a pump and semi permeable membranes.

The osmotic pressure of ocean water is approximately 300 psi on average. By boosting the pressure of that seawater to 2 or 3 times the osmotic pressure against a semi permeable membrane, there is significant positive pressure to filter out dissolved salts as water is driven to permeate the membrane that the salt cannot. At some point, as the seawater is de-watered, the remaining seawater reaches a concentration with an increasing osmotic pressure approaching that of the pressure applied by the pump.

In a reverse osmosis desalination system, one feed stream enters the system and 2 exit. One exiting stream is the permeate or product. The other exiting stream is the concentrate or reject. The permeate has passed through the membrane and is relatively salt free. The concentrate is now more concentrated in salt by a factor of how much permeate or de-watering occurred.

Most all of the salt from the feed water is now found in the concentrate water. Ocean water is continuously feed to the equipment at a rate equal to that of the permeate and reject combined. Dividing the product flow out by that of the raw feed flow in is referred to as the recovery rate.
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